CUP Journals promote research transparency by encouraging authors to share the data and resources that support its published results through appropriate public repositories. Research data generated in connection with the article should be shared as soon as legally and ethically possible. Authors are asked to provide a Data Availability Statement in the manuscript, which can be included as a link to the repository used and published in the article. The following statements can be utilized, and the same have been included in our cover letter in the “Author Guidelines” tab.

Data Availability Statement

The journal encourages authors to make the data underlying the reported results of their articles openly available whenever ethically, legally, and practically possible. For all manuscripts, authors must include a clear and accurate Data Availability Statement describing how the data supporting the results and conclusions of the study can be accessed.
Authors should select the statement that most accurately reflects the circumstances of their research. Where applicable, authors should provide a persistent identifier, such as a DOI or accession number, and sufficient information to enable readers to access the data.

1. Openly available data in a repository
The data underpinning the conclusions of this study are publicly available in [repository name] at [URL] and can be accessed using [DOI/accession number/persistent identifier].
Authors are encouraged to use an appropriate and recognized data repository that provides reliable and long-term access to research data.

2. Data available upon reasonable request
The authors will provide the data underlying the findings of this study upon reasonable request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to [specific reason, e.g., ethical, legal, confidentiality, privacy, contractual, or other legitimate restrictions].
Where applicable, authors should explain any conditions or requirements for accessing the data, including institutional approval, ethical approval, data-use agreements, or other restrictions. If the data can only be accessed through a third-party data custodian or repository, the Data Availability Statement should identify the relevant source and explain how the data can be accessed.

3. No new data were generated or analyzed
Data sharing is not applicable to this article, as no new data were generated or analyzed in this study.
This statement should not be used where the study involves the analysis of existing, publicly available, or third-party datasets. In such cases, the authors should identify the original data source and explain how the dataset can be accessed, where applicable.

4. Data included in the article or supplementary materials
The authors certify that the data underlying the findings of this study are contained within the article and/or its supplementary materials.

General Requirements

The Data Availability Statement should accurately and clearly describe how the data supporting the results and conclusions of the study can be accessed.
Where data cannot be made publicly available due to ethical, legal, privacy, confidentiality, safety, intellectual property, contractual, or other legitimate restrictions, authors should clearly state the specific reason for the restriction and, where applicable, explain how qualified researchers may obtain access to the data and any conditions that apply.

Where data are deposited in a repository, authors should provide the repository name and a functional URL, together with a DOI, accession number, or other persistent identifier where available.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that the information provided in the Data Availability Statement is accurate and consistent with the data described in the manuscript and supplementary materials. The journal may request clarification or revision where the statement is incomplete, unclear, or inaccurate.