Fostering Dynamic Learner engagement in the Era of Blended learning- A Systematic Review
Abstract
Background: Blended learning, which integrates traditional face-to-face education with digital and online elements, has gained prominence in recent years as an efficient method to enhance student learning experiences. But it is worth noting that the completion rate of online and blended learning courses continues to be rather low, as indicated by research.
Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to understand the intellectual discussion around dynamic learner engagement in the era of blended learning so that the areas of improvement can be earmarked and suitable strategies can be made to bridge the gap between the expectations of the learners and the actual delivery of the course.
Method: A systematic review was conducted using a replicable search strategy. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA 2020) statement guided this study. Many keyword combinations were searched for in the title, keyword, and abstract fields, according to the search criteria to arrive at the final corpus of papers.
Result: The study found that in order to cultivate learners' engagement in blended learning, it is imperative to investigate the various aspects that impact learning engagement. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing scholarly literature, the present study has successfully discovered a range of both internal and external elements that exert a significant influence on the level of engagement exhibited by learners. Active participation by students and innovative pedagogical tactics emerged as significant aspects in a blended learning format, allowing designers and educators to provide targeted support for students.
Conclusion: The study provides clear insights for instructors into the various methods to strategize around in the blended learning environment format so that they can design better pedagogical tactics and increase learner engagement through active student participation.
-
Page Number : 61-71
-
Published Date : 2023-10-15
-
Keywords
Blended learning, Learner engagement, Active participation, Pedagogical tactics
-
DOI Number
10.15415/jtmge/2023.142007
-
Authors
Rajiv Saini and Shuchi Dawra
References
- Adams, D., Tan, M. H. J., & Sumintono, B. (2020). Students’ readiness for blended learning in a leading Malaysian private higher education institution. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 18(4), 515-534. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITSE-03-2020-0032
- Akyüz, H. İ., & Samsa, S. (2009). The effects of blended learning environment on the critical thinking skills of students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 1744-1748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.308
- Alamri, M. M. (2023). A model of e-learning through achievement motivation and academic achievement among university students in Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 15(3), 2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032264
- Alemayehu, L., & Chen, H. L. (2023). Learner and instructor-related challenges for learners’ engagement in MOOCs: A review of 2014–2020 publications in selected SSCI indexed journals. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(5), 3172-3194. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1920430
- Al-Shahwan, A. (2015). The effect of blended learning in the direct achievement and the reflecting thinking for the first secondary student in subject matter of management information systems (Doctoral dissertation, Master’s Thesis). Middle East University, Amman, Jordan).
- Anderson, T. (2004). Towards a theory of online learning. Theory and practice of online learning, 2, 109-119. https://doi.org/10.15215/aupress/9781897425084.004
- Atapattu, T., Thilakaratne, M., Vivian, R., & Falkner, K. (2019). Detecting cognitive engagement using word embeddings within an online teacher professional development community. Computers & Education, 140, 103594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.05.020
- Barak, M., Watted, A., & Haick, H. (2016). Motivation to learn in massive open online courses: Examining aspects of language and social engagement. Computers & Education, 94, 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.11.010
- Batra, S., Wang, H., Nag, A., Brodeur, P., Checkley, M., Klinkert, A., & Dev, S. (2022). DMCNet: Diversified model combination network for understanding engagement from video screengrabs. Systems and Soft Computing, 4, 200039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sasc.2022.200039
- Bielawski, L., & Metcalf, D. S. (2003). Blended elearning: Integrating knowledge, performance, support, and online learning. Human Resource Development. ISBN 0-87425-717-4
- Bigatel, P. M., Ragan, L. C., Kennan, S., May, J., & Redmond, B. F. (2012). The identification of competencies for online teaching success. Journal of asynchronous learning networks, 16(1), 59-77.
- Blieck, Y., Kauwenberghs, K., Zhu, C., Struyven, K., Pynoo, B., & DePryck, K. (2019). Investigating the relationship between success factors and student participation in online and blended learning in adult education. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 35(4), 476-490. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12351
- Boitshwarelo, B. (2009). Exploring blended learning for science teacher professional development in an African context. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v10i4.687
- Bolliger, D. U., Supanakorn, S., & Boggs, C. (2010). Impact of podcasting on student motivation in the online learning environment. Computers & Education, 55(2), 714-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.03.004
- Bonk, C. J., Olson, T. M., Wisher, R. A., & Orvis, K. L. (2002). Learning from focus groups: An examination of blended learning. International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education/Revue internationale du e-learning et la formation à distance, 17(3), 97-118.
- Breien, F. S., & Wasson, B. (2021). Narrative categorization in digital game‐based learning: Engagement, motivation & learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(1), 91-111.
- Carman, J. M. (2005). Blended learning design: Five key ingredients. Agilant Learning, 1(11), 1-10.
- Chan, S. L., Lin, C. C., Chau, P. H., Takemura, N., & Fung, J. T. C. (2021). Evaluating online learning engagement of nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 104, 104985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104985
- Choy, J. L. F., & Quek, C. L. (2016). Modelling relationships between students’ academic achievement and community of inquiry in an online learning environment for a blended course. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.2500
- Collis, B., Bianco, M., Margaryan, A., & Waring, B. 2005). Putting blended learning to work: a case study from a multinational oil company. Education, Communication & Information, 5(3), 233-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/14636310500350471
- Deng, Y. A Systematic Review of Application of Machine Learning in Curriculum Design Among Higher Education. Journal of Emerging Computer Technologies, 4(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.57020/ject.1475566
- Digout, J., & Samra, H. E. (2023). Interactivity and Engagement Tactics and Tools. In Governance in Higher Education: Global Reform and Trends in the MENA Region (pp. 151-169). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40586-0_8
- Driscoll, M. (2002). Blended learning: Let’s get beyond the hype. E-learning, 1(4), 1-4.
- Dzakırıa, H., Don, M. S., & Rahman, H. D. A. (2012). Blended learning (BL) as pedagogical alternative to teach business communication course: Case study of UUM executive diploma program. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 13(3), 297-315.
- Eldeeb, S. (2019). An investigation into students’ views on blended learning at the English Language Institute in King Abdulaziz University. Arab World English Journal: Special Issue: Application of Global ELT Practices in Saudi Arabia September. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3472203
- Frymier, A. B., & Houser, M. L. (2016). The role of oral participation in student engagement. Communication Education, 65(1), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2015.1066019
- Garrison, D. R., & Kanuka, H. (2004). Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. The internet and higher education, 7(2), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2004.02.001
- Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. D. (2008). Blended learning in higher education: Framework, principles, and guidelines. John Wiley & Sons.
- Graham, C. R. (2013). Emerging practice and research in blended learning. In Handbook of distance education (pp. 333-350). Routledge.
- Halverson, L. R., & Graham, C. R. (2019). Learner engagement in blended learning environments: A conceptual framework. Online learning, 23(2), 145-178.
- Hill, J. R., Song, L., & West, R. E. (2009). Social learning theory and web-based learning environments: A review of research and discussion of implications. The Amer. Jrnl. of Distance Education, 23(2), 88-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923640902857713
- Hiver, P. (2022). Engaging the learner: Linking teaching practice to learners’ engagement and development. Researching language learning motivation: A concise guide, 51-59.
- Hiver, P., Al-Hoorie, A. H., & Mercer, S. (Eds.). (2021). Student engagement in the language classroom (Vol. 11). Multilingual Matters.
- Hone, K. S., & El Said, G. R. (2016). Exploring the factors affecting MOOC retention: A survey study. Computers & Education, 98, 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.016
- Horn, M. B., & Staker, H. (2011). The rise of K–12 blended learning. Social Innovations Journal, (6).
- Hrastinski, S. (2009). A theory of online learning as online participation. Computers & Education, 52(1), 78-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2008.06.009
- Jung, Y., & Lee, J. (2018). Learning engagement and persistence in massive open online courses (MOOCS). Computers & Education, 122, 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.02.013
- Kim, K. J., Bonk, C. J., & Oh, E. (2008). The present and future state of blended learning in workplace learning settings in the United States. Performance improvement, 47(8), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi.20018
- Kim, M. K., & Kim, S. M. (2020). Dynamic learner engagement in a wiki-enhanced writing course. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 32(3), 582-606.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-019-09248-5
- Kintu, M. J., Zhu, C., & Kagambe, E. (2017). Blended learning effectiveness: the relationship between student characteristics, design features and outcomes. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0043-4
- Kizilcec, R. F., Reich, J., Yeomans, M., Dann, C., Brunskill, E., Lopez, G., ... & Tingley, D. (2020). Scaling up behavioral science interventions in online education. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(26), 14900-14905. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921417117
- Lahza, H., Khosravi, H., & Demartini, G. (2023). Analytics of learning tactics and strategies in an online learner sourcing environment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 39(1), 94-112.
- Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Qi, D., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Understanding the role of learner engagement in determining MOOCs satisfaction: A self-determination theory perspective. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(9), 6084-6098. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2022.2028853
- Liyanagunawardena, T., Adams, A., Rassool, N., & Williams, S. (2014). Blended learning in distance education: Sri Lankan perspective. International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 10(1).
- Maxwell, S., & Mucklow, J. (2012). e‐Learning initiatives to support prescribing. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 74(4), 621-631. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04300.x
- Mercer S, Dörnyei Z (2020) Engaging Language Learners in Contemporary Classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Mubayrik, H. F. B. (2018). The present and future state of blended learning at workplace-learning settings in adult education: A systematic review. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 9(4), 247-273.
- Noe, R. A., Tews, M. J., & McConnell Dachner, A. (2010). Learner engagement: A new perspective for enhancing our understanding of learner motivation and workplace learning. The Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 279-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2010.493286
- Obergriesser, S., & Stoeger, H. 2020). Students’ emotions of enjoyment and boredom and their use of cognitive learning strategies–How do they affect one another?. Learning and Instruction, 66, 101285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.101285
- Ogunyemi, A. A., Quaicoe, J. S., & Bauters, M. 2022). Indicators for enhancing learners’ engagement in massive open online courses: A systematic review. Computers and Education Open, 3, 100088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100088
- Oliver, M., & Trigwell, K. (2005). Can ‘blended learning’be redeemed?. E-learning and Digital Media, 2(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.2304/elea.2005.2.1.17
- Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. bmj, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
- Patil, S., & Shinde, G. (2010, July). Transforming Indian higher education through blended learning approach. In 2010 International Conference on Technology for Education (pp. 145-148). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/T4E.2010.5550043
- Paul, A. K., & Richard, A. N. (2017). Blended learning approach on students’ academic achievement and retention: A case study of air force secondary school rivers state, Nigeria.
- Peterson, R. M. (2001). Course participation: An active learning approach employing student documentation. Journal of Marketing Education, 23(3), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475301233004
- Philp J, Duchesne S (2016) Exploring engagement in tasks in the language classroom. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 36: 50–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190515000094
- Picciano, A. G. (2009). Blending with purpose: The multimodal model. Journal of asynchronous learning networks, 13(1), 7-18.
- Prifti, R. (2022). Self–efficacy and student satisfaction in the context of blended learning courses. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 37(2), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2020.1755642
- Pursel, B. K., Zhang, L., Jablokow, K. W., Choi, G. W., & Velegol, D. (2016). Understanding MOOC students: Motivations and behaviours indicative of MOOC completion. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 32(3), 202-217. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12131
- Reich, J., & Ruipérez-Valiente, J. A. (2019). The MOOC pivot. Science, 363(6423), 130-131. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav7958
- Sahin, I., & Shelley, M. 2008). Considering students' perceptions: The distance education student satisfaction model. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 11(3), 216-223.
- Slameto, S. (2010). Critical thinking and its affecting factors. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 18(2), 1-11.
- Stockwell, B. R., Stockwell, M. S., Cennamo, M., & Jiang, E. (2015). Blended learning improves science education. Cell, 162(5), 933-936. https://doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v18i2.5187
- Suhasini, R., & Suganthalakshmi, T. (2015). Corporate e-learning. Asia Pacific Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 4(1), 176.
- Tang, C. M., & Chaw, L. (2019). Driving high inclination to complete massive open online courses (MOOCs): motivation and engagement factors for learners. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 17, 118-130. https://doi.org/10.34190/JEL.17.2.05
- Veluvali, P., & Surisetti, J. (2022). Learning management system for greater learner engagement in higher education—A review. Higher Education for the Future, 9(1), 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1177/23476311211049855
- Wang, R., Cao, J., Xu, Y., & Li, Y. 2022, December). Learning engagement in massive open online courses: A systematic review. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 7, p. 1074435). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.1074435